Genes and your medications
Each page explains one pharmacogene in plain language: what it does, which medications it affects, and whether a consumer DNA file can actually resolve it. For the full list of everything Aimosti examines, see what we analyse.
- ABCG2ABCG2 pumps rosuvastatin out of cells. A reduced-function copy raises exposure, and CPIC reads it alongside SLCO1B1 rather than on its own.
- CACNA1SCACNA1S variants raise malignant hyperthermia risk under general anaesthesia. A negative result rules very little out, and this page explains why.
- CYP2B6CYP2B6 clears efavirenz and sertraline. Slow metabolizers reach higher levels from a standard dose, which drives the nervous-system side effects.
- CYP2C19CYP2C19 processes clopidogrel, omeprazole and some antidepressants. What a raw DNA file can say about your metabolizer type, and when it cannot say anything.
- CYP2C9CYP2C9 clears warfarin and several NSAIDs. Reduced-function copies lower the warfarin dose a person needs and raise early bleeding risk.
- CYP2D6CYP2D6 switches codeine and tramadol on and converts tamoxifen. Why a 23andMe file cannot resolve it, and what aligned-read data can.
- CYP3A5CYP3A5 expressers clear tacrolimus faster and need a higher starting dose. Most people of European ancestry are non-expressers.
- DPYDDPYD makes the enzyme that clears 5-FU and capecitabine. Reduced activity turns a standard chemotherapy dose into a dangerous one.
- G6PDG6PD deficiency is common and X-linked. CPIC grades the drug risk, and the list of medicines that genuinely require avoidance is short.
- NAT2NAT2 sorts people into slow, intermediate and rapid acetylators. CPIC now uses that to set the hydralazine dose rather than to guess at risk.
- NUDT15NUDT15 sets thiopurine toxicity risk independently of TPMT. One variant, rs116855232, carries most of the signal and consumer chips often read it.
- SLCO1B1SLCO1B1 moves statins from blood into the liver. A reduced-function copy raises statin levels and muscle risk, and consumer chips usually read it.
- TPMTTPMT clears azathioprine and mercaptopurine. Low activity means a standard dose can suppress bone marrow, which is why it is tested before treatment.
- UGT1A1UGT1A1 clears bilirubin. Reduced activity causes Gilbert syndrome and makes jaundice on atazanavir far more likely.